Photography in Ink
A Look at Contemporary Copper-Plate Photogravure

Dates: December 1st, 2022—April 7th, 2023
Opening: December 1st, 2022. 6—8PM
Gallery hours: Monday—Friday, 2—6 PM, by appointment only.

Penumbra Foundation is pleased to present Photography in Ink: A Look at Contemporary Copper-Plate Photogravure, a group exhibition of photogravure prints, which offers viewers the rare opportunity to expand their understanding of material photography. Photogravure is a 19th-century-derived process used to create highly tactile and compelling images by combining photography and printmaking. Known for its deep velvety shadows, rich tones, and luminous highlights, photogravure is considered one of the most expressive ways to print photographs with ink. This exhibition celebrates a selection of exceptional contemporary artists working with this rigorous process. Their prints, plates, books, and portfolios vary in subject and approach, demonstrating the ample scope of the practice.

Photography in Ink presents works by two groups of artists: photographic artists who work with gravure printers, and gravure printers with their own art practices. The artists featured in this exhibition include Fanny Boucher, Miguel Counahan, Beth Ganz, Jon Goodman, Marie Levoyet, Lothar Osterburg, Jennifer Page, Thomas Palmer, Paul Taylor, Unai San Martin and Craig Zammiello. The exhibition also includes photogravure prints and plates, books and portfolios of work by Berenice Abbott, Kim Anno, Éric Chenal, Lois Conner, Roy DeCarava, Jenia Fridlyand, Costanza Gastaldi, Luis González Palma, Deborah Luster, Robert Mapplethorpe, Kurt Markus, Daido Moriyama, Ken Schles, Eric Taubman, Milagros de la Torre and Tufic Yazbek.


Panel Discussion featuring Fanny Boucher, Marie Levoyet and Mike Counahan. Moderated by Beth Ganz.


Artists and printers:


Prints, books and portfolios by photographers:



A Short History of the Development of the Photogravure Process

Photogravures are photographs etched into copper and printed with ink. This 19th-century process involves transferring photographic images onto a copper plate using a light sensitive carbon tissue (gelatin). The copper plate is then etched with ferric chloride to finally be inked and printed using an etching press. 

In the mid 1820s, Joseph Nicéphore Niépce (1765-1833) discovered the photosensitive properties of Bitumen of Judea and created the first means of photomechanical reproduction. In 1841, the French physicist Hippolyte Fizeau (1819-1896) patented a process to etch a daguerreotype and use the plate to print an image with ink on paper. William Henry Fox Talbot (1800-1877) spent more than twenty years developing and perfecting the photogravure technique, looking for a more stable way to reproduce images. In England, he patented two advances: photographic engraving (1852), which created a plate that could be printed using traditional gravure practices; and photoglyphic engraving (1858), which used a gelatin surface sensitized with potassium dichromate to fix the photographic image to the copper plate.

In 1856 in France, Charles Nègre (1820-1880), patented the heliogravure, a photomechanical process that employs light sensitive asphaltum to create a resist for directly etching metal plates to print positives on paper. And Alphonse Louis Poitevin (1819-1882) replaced Niépce’s bitumen with potassium dichromate and albumen, leading to the discovery of the photolithographic transfer. Others contributed to the development of the practice, such as the British inventor Joseph Wilson Swan (1828-1914), with his introduction of carbon printing and carbon paper (autotype). However, it was the 1879 refinements of the Talbot process by graphic artist Karel Klíč (1841-1926), using fine-grained resin and carbon tissue, that brought about what we know today as the Talbot-Klíč technique. 

In the early 20th century, a diminishing number of image makers were working in photogravure, and by the 1960s, the practice was almost extinct. However, over the past 50 years, the Talbot-Klíč technique has been revived in the United States (and abroad) by Jon Goodman and other artists featured in this exhibition. The rise and improvement of digital technology has modified how these artists create positive images today. Analogue film has been replaced by inkjet printers and transparency sheets, expanding the creative and physical possibilities for those who use this 19th-century photomechanical process.

Photography in Ink celebrates a wide scope of contemporary artists whose work is rooted in photogravure’s rich history. 


Related Programming

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Acknowledgments

Photography in Ink: A Look at Contemporary Copper-Plate Photogravure has been made possible through the generous support of the participating artists. Special thanks to Jon Goodman, Paul Taylor and Unai San Martin for lending additional artworks from their personal collections.

Penumbra's Exhibition Space and Project Gallery are generously supported in part by the Joy of Giving Something.


Exhibition organized by Penumbra Foundation. Production: Finn Schneider. Related Programming: Chloe Brover. Social Media: Gabrielle Gowans. Text Editor: Liz Sales and Nathaniel White. Program Coordination: Lisa di Donato. Framing: Laumont Photographics.


About Penumbra’s Exhibition Space

Penumbra’s Exhibition Space is dedicated to presenting work that advances historic and alternative photographic processes in ways that are as conceptually and socially relevant as they are materially driven. The goal of this space is to foster conversations about the role of photography in contemporary society through curated exhibitions and collaborations.

About Penumbra Foundation

Penumbra Foundation is a New York City-based nonprofit arts organization dedicated to an expansive view of the contemporary photographic medium and the continuity of historical photography. We support our growing community of photographers, artists, scholars, conservators, researchers, and curators through education, outreach, research, artist residencies, youth programs, exhibition programs, and lecture series.